NMN: Skin Absorption Rate Reaches 86.3% in 24 Hours

14 Jan 2025
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Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a precursor molecule of NAD+, has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its potential benefits in cellular metabolism and anti-aging processes. Traditional methods of NMN administration, such as oral and injectable routes, suffer from low absorption efficiency and poor bioavailability. To overcome these limitations, scientists have developed an innovative 3D-printed microneedle (μND) technology to facilitate transdermal delivery of NMN.


 3D-Printed Microneedles Facilitate NMN Penetration into the Skin Towards Personalized Transdermal Delivery

Figure 1. 3D-Printed Microneedles Facilitate NMN Penetration into the Skin Towards Personalized Transdermal Delivery

 

Evaluation of NMN Transdermal Delivery

In vitro transdermal experiments were conducted using Franz diffusion cell apparatus to assess the efficiency of NMN delivery via 3D-printed microneedles (μNDs). The experimental results demonstrated that these NMN-coated microneedles could effectively deliver approximately 189 ± 34.5 μg of NMN into the skin within 24 hours, with about 41.2 ± 7.53 μg of NMN retained in the skin. Additionally, tape stripping analysis revealed that approximately 78.7 ± 14.4% of NMN was successfully delivered to the skin surface, while the total amount of NMN detected in the receiver chamber of the Franz diffusion cell was about 86.3 ± 12.3%. These data confirm the potential and efficiency of 3D-printed microneedles in transdermal NMN delivery.


 Skin Penetration and NMN Permeation

Figure 2. Skin Penetration and NMN Permeation

 

Regarding the impact of NMN on cellular metabolism, researchers utilized multiphoton microscopy imaging to analyze mouse ear skin explants treated with NMN-coated 3D-printed microneedles (μNDs). The study found that, compared to untreated skin, the average fluorescence lifetime of NADH in NMN-treated skin significantly increased, while the fluorescence lifetime of free unbound NADH decreased. These results suggest that NMN delivered via microneedles can effectively elevate intracellular NAD+ levels in skin cells, potentially exerting positive effects on cellular metabolism.


 Effects of NMN Treatment on Skin Cell Metabolism

Figure 3. Effects of NMN Treatment on Skin Cell Metabolism

 

In cytotoxicity tests, researchers evaluated the biocompatibility of 3D-printed microneedles using the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. The test results indicated that even after prolonged direct contact, thoroughly cleaned and cured microneedles did not have significant negative effects on cell proliferation and viability, demonstrating good cellular compatibility. These findings provide crucial safety data supporting the clinical application of NMN-coated microneedles.


 Cellular Viability Study of 3D-Printed Microneedles Using Keratinocytes

 Figure 4. Cellular Viability Study of 3D-Printed Microneedles Using Keratinocytes

 

Conclusion

In summary, this study successfully utilized 3D-printed microneedle technology to achieve transdermal delivery of NMN and evaluated its positive effects on skin cell metabolism. The study also confirmed the excellent cellular compatibility of this technology, offering new possibilities for the clinical application of NMN.

 

The content of this article is reproduced from academic journals and is shared for educational purposes only. It does not constitute any medical advice. If there is any infringement, please contact the author of this article for removal. The views expressed in this article do not represent the stance of Natural Field.


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